پژوهش های نوین در مطالعات علوم انسانی اسلامی

پژوهش های نوین در مطالعات علوم انسانی اسلامی

دیدگاه‌های ادیان در مورد IVF، همسانه‌سازی، و فناوری‌های زیستی‌ نوظهور

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
مجتبی کردرستمی 1
محمدحسین رضادوست 2
علی اکبر قاسمی سلوکوئی 1
بردیا ودیعتی صابری 3
عباس تقوائی 4
1 استادیار، پژوهشکده کشاورزی هسته‌ای، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هسته‌ای (NSTRI)، کرج، ایران.
2 استادیار، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران.
3 استادیار، دانشکده دندانپزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گیلان، رشت، ایران.
4 استادیار، گروه معارف اسلامی، واحد لاهیجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، لاهیجان، ایران.
10.22034/api.2025.2046974.1104
چکیده
هدف پژوهش: این مطالعه به‌ بررسی نقش دین و دیدگاه‌های ادیان مختلف (اسلام، مسیحیت، یهودیت، هندوئیسم و بوداییسم) در مواجهه با مسائل زیست‌اخلاقی، به‌ویژه فناوری‌های نوین مانند همسانه‌سازی و لقاح مصنوعی (IVF)، می‌پردازد. همچنین، هدف آن تحلیل تأثیر این دیدگاه‌ها بر گفت‌وگوهای اخلاقی معاصر، قانون‌گذاری و افکار عمومی است. 
روش پژوهش: این پژوهش با رویکردی تحلیلی‌-توصیفی و با استفاده از منابع کتابخانه‌ای، متون دینی و مطالعات پیشین در حوزه اخلاق زیستی انجام شده است. داده‌ها از طریق بررسی آرای الهی‌دانان و متفکران ادیان مختلف استخراج و تحلیل شده‌اند. 
یافته‌ها:  1-ادیان مختلف نگرش‌های متفاوتی به فناوری‌های تولیدمثل مانند IVF و همسانه‌سازی دارند که این نگرش‌ها ریشه در آموزه‌های دینی و فلسفه‌های اخلاقی آن‌ها دارد. 2- دیدگاه‌های دینی بر سیاست‌گذاری‌های عمومی و قوانین مرتبط با زیست‌فناوری تأثیرگذار بوده‌اند. 3-  با وجود سکولار شدن بسیاری از فلسفه‌های اخلاق زیستی، مباحث دینی همچنان در شکل‌دهی به گفتمان‌های اخلاقی نقش ایفا می‌کنند. 
نتیجه‌گیری:  این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که ادیان مختلف درک و تفسیر متفاوتی از مسائل زیست‌اخلاقی ارائه می‌دهند و این تفاوت‌ها بر تصمیم‌گیری‌های فردی و اجتماعی تأثیر می‌گذارند. همچنین، تأثیر این دیدگاه‌ها بر قانون‌گذاری و افکار عمومی، ضرورت توجه به گفت‌وگوی بین‌ادیانی و بین‌افرهنگی در حل چالش‌های اخلاقی نوظهور را پررنگ می‌کند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
لقاح مصنوعی
همسانه‌سازی
مسائل زیست‌اخلاقی
دین
سیاست عمومی
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Religious views on IVF, cloning, and emerging biotechnologies

نویسندگان English

Mojtaba Kord Rostami 1
Mohamad Hosein Reza Dost 2
Ali Akbar GHasemi Slokoii 1
Bardia Vadiati Saberi 3
abbas taghvaee 4
1 Assistant Professor, Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Karaj, Iran, Email: mkordrostami@aeoi.org.ir
2 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran,
3 Assistant Professor, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran,
4 Islamic Education Departement, Lahijan branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran.
چکیده English

Religion often serves as an important moral compass for many people. Initially, bioethics emerged in scientific studies to address ethical issues related to animals and plants. Today, bioethics encompasses a broader range of topics, including ethics, medicine, and human suffering. Religious and theologian questions helped shape bioethics in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Although today's bioethical philosophies are largely secular, religious perspectives continue to play a central role in ethical discussions. With recent scientific advances, these discussions have evolved. Techniques such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) and cloning offer opportunities for parenthood to those who have been unable to conceive, leading many faith-based potential parents to seek guidance from their religious beliefs. This study examines how different religions, including Islam, Christianity, Judaism, Hinduism, and Buddhism, understand the bioethical implications of practices such as cloning and artificial insemination, focusing on the current ethical debates that are informed by these perspectives. In addition, the article examines the social impact of these bioethical perspectives, showing how they influence legislation and public opinion.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Artificial insemination
cloning
bioethical issues
religion
public policy

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