Metaphor, in the cognitive linguistics approach, is not merely a rhetorical device for embellishing language; rather, it is one of the fundamental mechanisms of the human conceptual system for perceiving and organizing lived experiences. Conceptual Metaphor Theory, proposed by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson, is based on the premise that a significant part of human thought is structured through systematic mappings between source and target domains. This study aims to examine and compare conceptual metaphors in the poetry of two prominent contemporary Persian poets, Forough Farrokhzad and Fadel Nazari. The statistical population comprises the collected poems of both poets, from which the samples were purposively selected. The data were extracted and analyzed based on the main components of Conceptual Metaphor Theory, including source domain, target domain, and conceptual mappings. The findings indicate that feminine identity, social issues, and women’s experiences play a central role in shaping conceptual metaphors in Farrokhzad’s poetry, whereas mystical, romantic, and despair-related concepts occupy a central position in Nazari’s poetry. The results demonstrate that conceptual metaphors in the poetry of these two poets, beyond their aesthetic function, reflect their cognitive, cultural, and social systems.