Objective: This research was conducted with the aim of comprehensively explaining the causes of the collapse of Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi's government and systematically analyzing its relationship with his governance style.

Method: This study was carried out with a qualitative approach using the Grounded Theory method. Data were collected through an in-depth study of valid documents, historical books, and published interviews with individuals close to the Pahlavi regime. The data were analyzed in three stages—open coding (extracting 124 codes), axial coding, and selective coding—using a three-stage coding procedure based on the paradigmatic approach. The validity and reliability of the research were confirmed through inter-coder agreement (87%) and re-testing.

Findings: The findings led to the presentation of a five-dimensional model, including managerial factors (excessive Westernization, de-Islamization, inefficient bureaucracy), economic factors (class disparity, dependence on oil, systemic corruption), political-social factors (political deprivation, the role of the clergy, non-learning governance), cultural factors (value conflict, identity crisis), and environmental factors (dependence on foreign powers, regional changes). The innovation of the research lies in presenting a paradigmatic model and identifying the causal relationships between the different dimensions.

Results: The results indicated that the lack of popular legitimacy stemming from an autocratic and non-learning governance style, disregard for the cultural-religious values of society, dependence on foreign powers, and deep class disparity were the most important reasons for the fall of the Pahlavi regime. This research emphasizes the necessity of paying attention to governance based on indigenous values and public participation for political stability.