https://api.lu.ac.ir/ New researches in Islamic humanities studies en daily 1 Sat, 21 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0330 Sat, 21 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0330 https://api.lu.ac.ir/article_735342.html Objective: This study aims to revisit and critically analyze the legal rulings related to a child born out of wedlock (walad al zina) in Islamic jurisprudence. It seeks to explore the reformative capacities within Imami jurisprudence by engaging with contemporary foundations such as human dignity, the higher objectives of Sharia (maqasid al sharia), and modern scientific evidence, including DNA testing. The primary objective is to demonstrate the feasibility of revising certain traditional rulings without departing from the fundamental principles of Islamic law.Method: Employing an analytical comparative approach, the article examines classical sources of Shia and Sunni jurisprudence. It analyzes traditional evidentiary bases such as the Quran, the Sunna, ijma (consensus), and qiyas (analogical reasoning), as well as legal maxims like sadd al dhara'i (blocking the means) and the preservation of lineage. These are then compared with ijtihad based principles including reason, public interest (maslaha), and the no harm rule (qaidat la darar).Results: The study indicates that many classical rulings concerning a child born out of wedlock such as the denial of paternal lineage, exclusion from inheritance, restrictions on testimony and judicial authority, and limitations regarding custody and financial support were formulated primarily to safeguard the family structure and protect legitimate lineage. However, an analysis grounded in contemporary ijtihad principles and scientific advancements reveals that certain aspects of these rulings may be revisited. Imami jurisprudence demonstrates the capacity to adopt more humane and context sensitive approaches aligned with modern social realities.Conclusion: The research concludes that Islamic jurisprudence, when approached through dynamic ijtihad and guided by principles such as reason, public interest, and the no harm rule, possesses the ability to respond effectively to emerging social needs. This adaptive capacity can pave the way for reforming certain rulings related to a child born out of wedlock without compromising the essential foundations of Sharia. https://api.lu.ac.ir/article_735317.html Objective: To identify the dimensions and components of the teacher education curriculum with a futures studies approach, aiming to design a curriculum aligned with future needs and emerging developments. This study seeks to bridge the gap between traditional curricula and the requirements of modern education.Method: The present study is qualitative and was conducted using Roberts' synthesis research method. The research population comprised all domestic and international articles published between 2010 and 2024. A criterion-based sampling method was employed to select 53 articles, which were then extracted using a checklist and analyzed through coding. By systematically synthesizing the findings of previous research, this method enabled the identification of comprehensive components beyond the scope of any single study.Results: Eight dimensions were identified for the teacher education curriculum with a futures studies approach: objectives (enhancing knowledge about future challenges), learning environment (adaptability and flexibility), resources (revision and updating), teaching methods (utilization of modern technologies such as artificial intelligence), content (emphasis on pedagogical scholarship), activities (understanding internationalization strategies), tools (familiarity with personalized learning tools), and evaluation (comprehensive assessment of inputs and outputs). These dimensions are interconnected in a network, and the absence of any one of them disrupts the effectiveness of the entire teacher education system.Conclusion: By considering the eight identified dimensions, the teacher education curriculum can be designed effectively and comprehensively to prepare teachers for facing future challenges. Accordingly, recommendations are provided for improving teacher education curricula. Revising the approved syllabi of the Ministry of Science based on these eight components is an essential step toward realizing this forward-looking approach. https://api.lu.ac.ir/article_734973.html Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of emotion regulation in the relationship between negative affect and body dysmorphic concerns among adolescents seeking cosmetic surgery.Method: The research methodology was a descriptive-correlational design based on structural equation modeling (SEM). The target population consisted of all adolescents aged 15 to 18 visiting beauty clinics in Bandar Abbas City in 2024. A total of 400 participants were selected from this population through a convenience sampling method. For data collection, the following instruments were utilized: the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS; Watson & Clark, 1988), the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ; Garnefski & Kraaij, 2007), the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS; Frost et al., 1990), and the Body Image Concern Inventory (BICI; Littleton et al., 2008). The collected data were analyzed by means of structural equation modeling (SEM) using the SmartPLS software.Results: Results indicated that negative affect had a significant positive relationship with body dysmorphic concerns (p < 0.01), and emotion regulation significantly mediated this relationship. These results suggest that the ability to regulate emotions can mitigate the adverse effects of negative affect on dysfunctional body-related attitudes.Conclusions: The findings highlight the importance of interventions focused on enhancing emotion regulation skills in the prevention and reduction of body dysmorphic concerns among adolescents. https://api.lu.ac.ir/article_731735.html Objective: The main objective of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the challenges of civil liability in cyberspace within the legal systems of Iran and the United Kingdom. This research seeks to identify the similarities and differences between these two legal systems and to propose solutions for addressing legal deficiencies and strengthening effective legal frameworks aimed at protecting users’ rights in cyberspace.Method: This study adopts a comparative approach to examine and analyze the laws, regulations, and judicial practices related to civil liability in cyberspace in the legal systems of Iran and the United Kingdom. The data were collected through library-based sources, academic articles, and existing legal texts. Subsequently, the legal, judicial, executive, technical, and cultural challenges associated with civil liability in cyberspace were analyzed.Results: The findings indicate that in Iranian law, the lack of alignment between existing laws and technological developments, the absence of specific regulations governing cyberspace, and weaknesses in the enforcement of laws constitute the main challenges. In the United Kingdom, despite the presence of advanced legal frameworks such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), issues such as difficulties in determining the liability of anonymous users and the need to adapt laws to emerging technologies remain significant. Moreover, in both countries, challenges such as limited legal awareness among users, weaknesses in the culture of responsible use of cyberspace, and cybersecurity threats are evident.Conclusion: The comparative analysis demonstrates that both the Iranian and British legal systems face similar challenges regarding civil liability in cyberspace. The adoption of comprehensive and specialized legislation for cyberspace, the promotion of a culture of responsibility among users, investment in technological and cybersecurity infrastructures, and the expansion of international cooperation can contribute to improving the protection of users’ rights and enhancing cybersecurity in both countries. https://api.lu.ac.ir/article_735469.html Objective: Investigating the nature of Satan and his methods of influencing human thoughts and behaviors is a vital subject within Qur’anic studies and Islamic ethics. This is primarily because human deviation from the divine path often results from the gradual influence of satanic temptations. Therefore, clarifying Satan’s fundamental reality and analyzing his strategies of seduction can significantly aid in identifying the causes of human misguidance and developing effective countermeasures. Such understanding also enhances individuals’ spiritual and moral awareness in confronting deviant tendencies.Method: This study employs a descriptive-analytical approach. The data were collected through library research and note-taking from academic sources, then analyzed qualitatively.Results: The findings reveal that Satan employs a variety of tactics to lead humans astray. These include inciting the lower self, inducing forgetfulness of God's remembrance, planting false promises and prolonged desires, beautifying sinful acts, whispering secretly, and fostering forgetfulness and hostility among individuals. His influence is exerted gradually through a step-by-step process.Conclusion: However, humans possess the capacity to resist these temptations by utilizing two divine gifts: intellect and free will. Satan cannot directly control human reason or choice; rather, he infiltrates the faculties of imagination and fantasizing, causing distortions in mental perceptions. This creates a foundation for cognitive errors, ultimately leading to misunderstanding and wrongful behaviors. Therefore, strengthening religious awareness and ethical vigilance can play an important role in neutralizing these influences. https://api.lu.ac.ir/article_735353.html Objective: This study aims to provide an interpretive reading of natural rights in the age of the metaverse, drawing on the theory of Leo Strauss. It seeks to explain how the principles of natural rights can be redefined and preserved in the face of challenges such as relativism, the dominance of private corporations, and the technological complexities of virtual environments. The research further endeavors to elucidate the connection between the classical foundations of natural rights and the emerging transformations of the digital sphere. Method: The research adopts a philosophical–legal analytical approach. It involves a re-examination of Leo Strauss’s ideas, a critical review of literature related to digital governance, and a case-based analysis of legal challenges present within the metaverse. An interpretive methodology is employed to explore the relationship between natural rights theory and the advancements of modern digital technologies. Results: The findings indicate that the metaverse, by creating a decentralized environment, poses significant challenges to classical concepts of natural rights such as privacy, justice, and human dignity. Furthermore, the dominance of private corporations over digital infrastructures and the fluid nature of digital identities make it increasingly difficult to offer a stable definition of human essence in this realm. The blurring of boundaries between the public and private spheres is also intensified within this environment. Conclusion: The results suggest that safeguarding natural rights in the digital age requires the development of transnational frameworks grounded in stable ethical principles, the enhancement of algorithmic transparency, and the expansion of digital literacy education. Additionally, recognizing digital identities as an extension of physical identity and designing ethically oriented technologies emerge as key strategies in this context. Such measures can contribute to the formation of more responsible governance within the metaverse. https://api.lu.ac.ir/article_735543.html Objective: This study aims to re-examine the concept of consent in marital relationships, with particular emphasis on its role in the psychological, emotional, and moral well-being of spouses and in the proper functioning of the family. It seeks to demonstrate how traditional interpretations of tamkin (conjugal submission) within Iranian family law have, at times, marginalized the role of consent and generated ethical and jurisprudential challenges.Method: The research adopts an analytical documentary approach, grounded in the examination of classical and contemporary juristic sources as well as relevant provisions of Iranian family law. Various interpretations of tamkin and their legal and ethical implications are critically analyzed in order to clarify their conceptual foundations and practical consequences.Results: The findings indicate that an absolutist interpretation of sexual tamkin lacks a coherent and definitive jurisprudential basis and is inconsistent with foundational principles such as good companionship (husn al-mu‘asharah), the prohibition of harm (la darar), the negation of undue hardship (la haraj), and the principle of human dignity. Analysis of existing legal provisions further reveals significant gaps regarding sexual consent, the adverse consequences of misinterpreting tamkin, and the necessity of addressing instances of coercion within marital relations.Conclusion: The study concludes that, drawing upon the dynamic and ethically oriented foundations of Islamic jurisprudence as well as broader human rights principles, a more comprehensive definition of sexual consent can be articulated within Iranian law one that regards non-consensual marital relations as incompatible with human dignity and contrary to moral justice. Accordingly, reform of family laws, reconsideration of judicial practices, and cultural efforts to delegitimize sexual coercion are indispensable. https://api.lu.ac.ir/article_735360.html Objective: Child abuse is one of the major social problems in all societies, including Iran, and addressing it requires serious attention from legislators and the development of effective criminal policies. In Iran, due to the inefficiency of previous laws, the “Law on the Protection of Children and Adolescents” was enacted in 2020 (1399 SH). This law aims to protect the rights of children and adolescents, prevent child abuse, and reduce the social harms arising from it. The present study seeks to examine Iran’s criminal policy in confronting child abuse and addresses the main question of whether the punishments stipulated in Iranian laws are effective in deterring child abuse.Method: his study was conducted using a descriptive analytical approach based on library resources and legal documents.Results: The findings indicate that the Islamic Republic of Iran has adopted a relatively appropriate criminal policy to combat child abuse. Compared with previous laws, the Law on the Protection of Children and Adolescents (2020) has attempted to enhance the deterrent effect of punishments by increasing their severity and diversity, as well as by introducing complementary and consequential penalties.Conclusion: In recent years, particularly with the enactment of the Law on the Protection of Children and Adolescents (2020), significant progress has been made in strengthening legal protection for children, and nearly all forms of child abuse have been criminalized under Iranian law. However, in practice and at the stage of implementation, these laws have not yet achieved the desired level of deterrence and have not been fully effective in preventing the recurrence of such behaviors.This research was conducted with a descriptive-analytical approach and based on library resources and documents. https://api.lu.ac.ir/article_735366.html Objective: In the last decade, the issue of childbearing in Iran has become one of the important concerns of governance in the country. The aim of the present study is to conduct a sociological study of the factors affecting childbearing in Iran, based on the study and summary of previous research.Method: The present study was conducted using the meta-synthesis qualitative method and the seven-stage model of Sandelowski and Barroso (2003). For this purpose, the results of studies conducted between 2011 and 2014 were reviewed and a number of relevant articles were identified using relevant keywords. Out of 537 articles, 101 articles were finally selected according to the criteria of the meta-synthesis method. This study fills the gaps in the analysis of multiple factors of childbearing by providing a comprehensive framework. Also, in order to examine the quality and reliability of the research findings, content validity and kappa index were used, the results of which indicated the desirable quality of the findings.Results: The findings of the present study are: individual, religious, social, cultural, political, economic, jurisprudential and legal, and media factors. On the other hand, the integration of the findings of previous studies led to important categories regarding https://api.lu.ac.ir/article_735546.html Objective: This study aims to investigate and design an artificial intelligence-based curriculum model with an emphasis on adaptive learning, in order to enhance the quality and efficiency of the educational process through the personalization of learning pathways. Method: This research employed a quantitative approach based on the analysis of educational data. The dataset included variables such as prior knowledge level, learning style, level of engagement, time spent on content, assessment scores, and type of instructional content. Learners' performance was analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness of adaptive algorithms in adjusting difficulty levels and designing personalized learning pathways. Results: The results indicated a significant positive relationship between prior knowledge level and academic performance. Furthermore, the type of instructional content and learning style were found to influence learners' engagement and success. It was also revealed that adaptive algorithms are effective in adjusting content difficulty and delivering personalized learning pathways. In addition, data analysis enabled more accurate prediction of learners' needs. Conclusion: The implementation of an AI-based curriculum can lead to improved learning quality, increased learner engagement, and enhanced educational efficiency. The findings confirm the necessity of utilizing educational data and intelligent technologies in the development of future curricula and suggest that innovative models can offer viable solutions to the challenges of personalized education. https://api.lu.ac.ir/article_735422.html Objective: Adolescents are considered one of the influential groups in society, and one of the most significant challenges they face is identity crisis. The present study aims to examine the relationship between cultural capital and identity crisis, with emphasis on the mediating role of the generational gap among students of Shiraz University. Additionally, a secondary objective of this research is to explain how cultural factors and intergenerational relationships interact in shaping the identity of young people. Method: In terms of purpose, this study is applied, and regarding the method of data collection, it follows a descriptive correlational design. The statistical population consisted of 349 students from Shiraz University who were selected through a multistage cluster random sampling method. The research instruments included the Cultural Capital Questionnaire by Sahami (2008), the Generational Differences Questionnaire by Nabavi (2003), and the Identity Crisis Questionnaire by Ahmadi (1997). The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and regression analysis. Results: The results indicated that there is a significant relationship between cultural capital and identity crisis. The generational gap also showed a positive and significant relationship with identity crisis. Furthermore, cultural capital, through the mediating role of the generational gap, had a negative and significant effect on identity crisis. In addition, the findings revealed that the severity of identity crisis is considerably higher among individuals with lower levels of cultural capital and those who experience a greater generational gap. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the study, increasing cultural capital and reducing the generational gap can lead to a decrease in identity crisis and play a key role in the formation of a stable identity. Overall, the results suggest that strengthening intergenerational interactions and improving young people’s access to cultural resources can serve as effective strategies for reducing identity crisis. https://api.lu.ac.ir/article_735545.html Objective: The objective of this study is to design a strategic vision for the implementation of the metaverse in the education system based on expert opinions in this field. The research seeks to propose an informed and context-sensitive framework for embracing technological transformations and addressing emerging phenomena, taking into account cultural considerations and indigenous components. Method: In terms of purpose, this study is applied research, and in terms of methodology, it adopts a descriptive analytical approach employing both qualitative and quantitative methods. The research population consisted of experts with at least five years of professional experience in technology units or educational technology departments within provincial education offices. A purposive (snowball) sampling method was used, resulting in the selection of 17 experts. Data were collected through an expert panel and analyzed using structural matrix analysis to examine the degree of influence and interdependence among the identified components. Results: From the analysis of 42 key components, those with the highest levels of influence and uncertainty, and a combined score exceeding 7 out of 10, were identified as the primary driving forces. Examination of the relationships among these drivers indicated that the current education system tends to operate within a function-based organizational structure.  Furthermore, the results of the structural matrix analysis reveal that several factors including policy-making, technological infrastructure, teacher empowerment, and cultural development play a pivotal role in the successful or unsuccessful implementation of the metaverse in education. Conclusions: Based on the structural analysis, achieving the metaverse vision in education requires comprehensive educational transformation at all organizational levels to facilitate the expansion of emerging technologies. The adoption of the metaverse in education necessitates a shift from a function-oriented structure toward a learning-centered and innovation-driven framework.  Accordingly, strategic planning, structural and procedural reform, the development of digital infrastructure, and investment in enhancing the technological competencies of teachers and students are considered essential prerequisites for the successful implementation of the metaverse in the education system. https://api.lu.ac.ir/article_731667.html Research Objective: The primary objective of this research is to design a content marketing model for branding in the construction industry. This study seeks to identify and explain the dimensions, components, and the relationships between them to create a comprehensive and practical model that can assist companies active in this industry in strengthening their brand through content strategies.Research Method: In terms of purpose, this research is applied, and in terms of data collection method, it is descriptive. It has been specifically conducted using a mixed-method (qualitative-quantitative) approach. The data collection methods are as follows:- Library studies and content analysis of reputable articles to extract the theoretical foundations and research background. - A Delphi panel to achieve expert consensus and validate the findings from the content analysis. - Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) and MICMAC matrix for leveling and drawing the final model.The statistical population of the research consisted of the top content marketing companies in the country. Using purposive sampling, 11 managers from these companies were selected as experts.Findings: 1. In the qualitative part, through content analysis, the key dimensions and components of content marketing for branding in the construction industry were identified. 2.  Using the Delphi panel, these dimensions and components were confirmed and refined by the experts. 3.  In the quantitative part, by applying Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM), the relationships between the components were specified and leveled. Furthermore, using the MICMAC matrix, the influence and dependence power of each component were analyzed.Conclusion: Finally, the final content marketing model for branding in the construction industry was designed, illustrating the interaction and sequence of components at different levels. This model can serve as a guide for construction companies in planning and effectively implementing content marketing strategies and strengthening their brand. https://api.lu.ac.ir/article_731372.html Today, in many legal and economic aspects, international institutions and organizations are regulating the freedom of business. Freedom of business is considered one of the indicators of human rights development and also one of the indicators of economic development. Accordingly, the most important goal of this research is to examine the indicators of free business in Iran and the European Union to achieve a more dynamic economy while protecting the rights of citizens. The research questions are: 1) What are the positions of the general economic laws of Iran and the European Union in the application of competition rights and freedom of business? 2) What is the impact of freedom of business and the application of competition rights on the components of citizenship rights? The research findings show: The general economic law system of the European Union, by considering the freedom of business and the absence of obstacles to economic activities, has facilitated competition and prohibited monopolies, and by applying the long-standing rules of competition law, has provided the conditions for freedom of business; However, in the Iranian public economic law system, due to the expansion of state-owned enterprises, the phenomenon of quasi-state economy, incorrect and unsuccessful implementation of privatization, and the weakness and nascent nature of competition law, freedom of business faces numerous legal challenges, which in turn have overshadowed the development of competition law. Also, competition law and free business have been created with the aim of eliminating market shortcomings and also increasing the economic and social welfare of consumers, and the principle of freedom of business, which is one of the basic principles of public economic law, has a great impact on economic health and citizenship rights in society. The research method in this study is descriptive-analytical, and based on scientific descriptions of the extracted materials, the author's analysis of the existing ambiguities and the real position of the subject have been identified and examined. https://api.lu.ac.ir/article_733915.html Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between “self-forgetfulness” and “perfection” in the thought of Martyr Murtaza Motahhari. The research seeks to clarify which factors give rise to self-forgetfulness and how this phenomenon affects the human trajectory of perfection. In addition, it attempts to show how rediscovering the “true self” can transform the path of human growth. Method: This study adopts a library-based approach, drawing its data from an extensive examination of Motahhari’s works. The data are analyzed using a descriptive analytical method in order to explicate more precisely the interrelations among the core concepts. Particular attention is paid to interpreting Motahhari’s views within their historical and intellectual context. Results: The findings indicate that worldliness, neglect of the true self, preoccupation with what is other than the self, and excessive engagement with virtual activities in one’s leisure time are among the key factors contributing to human self-forgetfulness. Moreover, from Motahhari’s perspective, human perfection is a movement from a “weak self” toward a “strong self,” and self-forgetfulness, insofar as it leads to a return to the true self, is not in conflict with perfection. In other words, perfection is a passage from dependence on what is other than the self toward the realization of the authentic self. Conclusion: According to Motahhari, the path to self-awareness and the recovery of one’s true identity lies in “God-consciousness” and turning away from all that distracts a person from God. With the attainment of God-consciousness, non-divine attachments are marginalized in the course of human perfection, the true self is reactivated, and the person’s independent attention is directed toward the Transcendent Truth rather than toward the material world and its manifestations. https://api.lu.ac.ir/article_735549.html Objective: The large number of manuscript works in Islamic sciences and Qur’anic studies reflects the grandeur of Islamic civilization and the significant status of Qur’anic and Islamic knowledge among Muslims during the flourishing Islamic Iranian period. Since these written works constitute part of the scholarly heritage and serve as a means of cultural and social connection among various Islamic nations, it is essential for scholars and researchers in religious and Islamic studies to pay attention to these treasures and strive for their revival and publication.Method: This study aims to clarify the methodology of manuscript studies and the importance of editing and critically studying Qur’anic and Hadith manuscripts. It has been conducted using a descriptive analytical approach based on library sources.Results: The findings indicate that throughout the historical process of editing and studying classical Qur’anic and Hadith texts, various efforts have been made by Orientalists and Western scholars as well as Muslim researchers. The study also discusses certain essential qualifications required of an editor in the field of manuscript studies and examines methods of editing and researching Qur’anic and Hadith texts.Conclusion: In recent years, there has been widespread attention to the recovery and correction of manuscripts in the field of Islamic education and sciences, and Muslim scholars and Western Quran scholars, with various motivations, have pursued the revival and publication of these valuable works by utilizing modern methods of scientific and critical correction. Therefore, before entering the field of correction and research of religious texts, it is necessary for researchers and correctors of manuscripts to be fully familiar with the principles and techniques of manuscriptology, methods of text correction, the method of writing introductions for corrected texts, as well as the criticism and translation of these works. https://api.lu.ac.ir/article_732508.html of thought and perception of constitutionalism in the text of public law, by carefully considering the literary fields of the Constitutional Era. Therefore, the secondary goal of this study can provide the ground for a better understanding of the perceptions and views about the Constitutional Era in the Iranian constitutional legal order, to some extent, and in this respect, it is novel.This research, with an analytical-descriptive approach and using a historical approach, explores the two perspectives of poetry and prose in the Constitutional Era. Therefore, in the following article, with a pause in the concept of constitutional governance and a brief reflection on its nature, we will address the two important literary areas of the Constitutional Era (poetry and prose) that the thinkers of the period in question relied on to express their emotions and opinions.The findings of the research show that the flashes of legalism and constitutionalism, in the period before the constitutional event, were first manifested and emerged in the form of beautiful and intellectual poems based on passion and emotion, as well as in the form of plays, short treatises, statements or descriptions of memories, and each of these works was somehow effective in conveying the thoughts and mindsets of the constitutionalists. The ideas arising from the text of political and legal theories, regardless of our logic and attitude towards them, are somehow intertwined with the field of literature and the nuances and themes of Persian poetry and prose texts. https://api.lu.ac.ir/article_734232.html Objective: This research was conducted with the aim of comprehensively explaining the causes of the collapse of Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi's government and systematically analyzing its relationship with his governance style. Method: This study was carried out with a qualitative approach using the Grounded Theory method. Data were collected through an in-depth study of valid documents, historical books, and published interviews with individuals close to the Pahlavi regime. The data were analyzed in three stages—open coding (extracting 124 codes), axial coding, and selective coding—using a three-stage coding procedure based on the paradigmatic approach. The validity and reliability of the research were confirmed through inter-coder agreement (87%) and re-testing. Findings: The findings led to the presentation of a five-dimensional model, including managerial factors (excessive Westernization, de-Islamization, inefficient bureaucracy), economic factors (class disparity, dependence on oil, systemic corruption), political-social factors (political deprivation, the role of the clergy, non-learning governance), cultural factors (value conflict, identity crisis), and environmental factors (dependence on foreign powers, regional changes). The innovation of the research lies in presenting a paradigmatic model and identifying the causal relationships between the different dimensions. Results: The results indicated that the lack of popular legitimacy stemming from an autocratic and non-learning governance style, disregard for the cultural-religious values of society, dependence on foreign powers, and deep class disparity were the most important reasons for the fall of the Pahlavi regime. This research emphasizes the necessity of paying attention to governance based on indigenous values and public participation for political stability. https://api.lu.ac.ir/article_734338.html The developments in the criminal justice system regarding the deprivation of liberty of financial convicts are due to the change in the legislator's attitude towards the origin of debt and also the nature of this type of imprisonment; however.Article 11 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political.Rights, as the most important rule with guaranteed international enforcement in this case, stipulates: "No one shall be imprisoned solely on the ground of inability to fulfill her contractual obligations’’. Also, Article 40 of the Constitution stipulates: “No one may use the exercise of his right as a means of harming others or violating public interests.” However, Iran’s current regulations regarding the treatment of convicted criminals, although they are more in line with the Covenant than before, are still in conflict with this article of the Covenant. The results of this research show that although the previous problems were largely resolved with the approval of the law on the implementation of financial convictions in 2015,, and the existence of some debts may still cause an individual to go to prison due to non-payment of debts and based on the legal provisions contained in laws such as the Code of Procedure and the Tax Law, but this imprisonment does not contradict the provisions of the Covenant. The research method is descriptive-analytical, and the library method was used to collect the literature on the subject, using the method of taking notes of the materials and analyzing the materials. https://api.lu.ac.ir/article_734592.html The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying and prioritizing the antecedent and consequential factors of implementing smart children technology in Persian language teaching. In this study, the respondents included 19 specialists and experts in the field of educational technology in Lorestan province education, as well as university professors with a PhD in educational management and a research background in the field of educational technology. The frequency and percentage of the frequency of demographic characteristics of gender, marital status, age, and level of education were reported. Based on the content analysis method 12 main categories were identified that indicate the antecedent and consequent factors of implementing smart children's technology in Persian lesson teaching. In order to prioritize the antecedent and consequent factors of implementing smart children's technology in Persian lesson teaching, the defuzzified average of experts' opinions was used as the criterion for prioritizing the factors in the second stage, and the results showed that the components of "smart teacher form", "smart case", "smart children's form", and "improving children's digital intelligence" are in the first to fourth priorities of the antecedent factors of implementing smart children's technology in Persian lesson teaching, respectively. https://api.lu.ac.ir/article_735035.html This study aimed to investigate the effect of imagery-based instruction on the retention of mathematical concepts and content among students. The research employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest and a control group, along with a two-week follow-up assessment. The study population included 10th-grade students from districts one and two of Zahedan during the 2022–2023 academic year. A total of 80 students were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups, each consisting of 20 girls and 20 boys. Initially, a pretest was administered to assess the baseline knowledge of both groups. The experimental group received instruction using mental imagery techniques, whereas the control group was taught through conventional methods. After the instructional period, a posttest was administered, followed by a retention test two weeks later to evaluate the long-term retention of mathematical concepts. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24, employing paired sample t-tests and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), with a significance level set at 0.05. The results of the paired t-tests showed a significant increase in posttest and follow-up scores in the experimental group compared to the pretest (p < 0.05), while no significant changes were observed in the control group. Furthermore, ANCOVA results confirmed the significant and positive effect of imagery-based instruction on the retention of mathematical concepts (p < 0.001). https://api.lu.ac.ir/article_735187.html Criminological Analysis of the Wahhabi Movement from the Perspective of Social Prevention Abstract Responding to the activities and actions of the Wahhabi movement as a criminal phenomenon requires adopting a well-considered criminal policy related to criminological teachings, as well as utilizing its various tools, including community-oriented action responses, which are addressed in the present study using a descriptive-analytical method. The findings confirm that despite the lack of coherent patterns in community-based responses, in relation to the criminal phenomenon of Wahhabism, a variety of community-based proactive responses can be designed and implemented, in accordance with the factors and contexts of tendency towards it. The most important of them are persuasion-based responses such as face-to-face dialogue and scientific-belief debate, dignity-based responses such as preserving human dignity in reducing the scope and forms of this criminal phenomenon, education-based responses such as education in resolving family discord and adjusting the perpetrator's skills in justifying the criminal phenomenon, and media responses such as creating a competitive media environment and simultaneously utilizing the capacity of the national media. The results indicate that the lack of a participatory approach, lack of attention to local considerations, and lack of coherence in the legal duties of the responsible institutions are among the most important shortcomings of Iran's current criminal policy regarding community-based proactive responses to the Wahhabism movement. Keywords: community-based response, criminal phenomenon, criminal policy, Mutawalli, Wahhabism. https://api.lu.ac.ir/article_735211.html Abstract The right of withdrawal in electronic contracts is considered one of the most important tools for protecting consumers in the digital age. However, this right appears to conflict with the principle of contract binding (Pacta Sunt Servanda), which emphasizes the obligation of parties to honor their commitments. This study aims to examine the relationship between the right of withdrawal and the principle of binding agreements, analyzing the issue within a legal framework with reference to Islamic legal perspectives.The first part explores how exceptions and pre-agreed conditions can help balance contract stability with the consumer’s right to withdraw. The study also provides an overview of general Islamic and Sunni perspectives on the buyer’s right to return goods, showing that concepts similar to the modern right of withdrawal have roots in traditional legal systems.The research adopts a descriptive-analytical method, drawing upon legal sources, comparative studies, and an analysis of current practices on e-commerce platforms. The findings indicate that despite implementation challenges, a well-structured legal framework can help protect the interests of both consumers and sellers.Keywords: Right of withdrawal, binding contracts, electronic contracts, e-commerce, consumer rights, return of goods. https://api.lu.ac.ir/article_735470.html Objective: This research was conducted in order to design a business development model for secondary schools in Khorramabad Method: The research method was applied in terms of objective and in terms of qualitative method - classical data-based theory. The research field included all professors in the field of educational management in the country in 1403-1404 and the sampling method was purposeful based on criteria and continued until data saturation reached 22 people. The research tool was in-depth interviews. Validity and reliability were examined through member checking and alignment. This means that three analysts analyzed the interviews and after modifying and adjusting the analysis of the interviews, the extracted data was approved. Open coding, axial coding and selective coding methods were used to analyze the extracted data. Innovation (value): The business development model of secondary schools in Khorramabad has been presented. Conclusion: By developing the business of secondary schools in Khorramabad, financial resources are provided on the one hand and the sustainability of schools on the other. https://api.lu.ac.ir/article_735498.html Purpose: This research was conducted with the aim of predicting students' self-esteem status based on the degree of tendency towards social networks among students of Ayatollah Borujerdi University. Methodology: The research was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population included all students of Ayatollah Borujerdi University, numbering 5247 people. 358 people were selected by stratified sampling method and responded to Young's internet addiction questionnaire (1999) and Cooper Smith's self-esteem questionnaire (1967). Findings: The results showed that there is a positive and meaningful relationship between the degree of tendency towards social networks and self-esteem (r=302 and p=0.000) as well as its components (except for social self-esteem). The results of regression analysis showed that the level of overall self-esteem and its components (except for social self-esteem) in students can be predicted based on the degree of tendency towards social networks as much as 30.2%. Conclusion: With purposeful, conscious use and the ability to control and manage social networks, along with media literacy, the user can improve and increase their self-esteem through the use of social networks. https://api.lu.ac.ir/article_735506.html Objective: This research aims to investigate the effects of climate change on the evolution of the structure of environmental crimes in Iran and to diagnose the legislative shortcomings and the criminal policy of the country in confronting emerging climate-related crimes.Research Method: This study employs an analytical-descriptive method, relying on written sources and field data. A critical analytical approach and the examination of current laws formed the basis for assessing the existing challenges in addressing environmental crimes related to climate change.Findings:The findings indicate that Iran's legislative system and criminal policy face major challenges in dealing with emerging climate crimes, including the lack of specific criminalization, weaknesses in preventive and compensatory mechanisms, and ambiguity in delineating civil and criminal liabilities. Furthermore, the research analyzes the theoretical capacities of Imami jurisprudence (including principles such as la zarar [noharm], tasbib [causation], itlaf [destruction], and the prohibition of ifsad fi al-arz [corruption on earth]) as a solid foundation for extending criminal liability and designing preventive and compensatory policies.Conclusion:The study concludes that effectively confronting emerging climate crimes requires the systematic alignment of Imami jurisprudential principles with a strategic revision of legislative texts and the enhancement of interaction among legislators, jurists, and environmental specialists. Formulating flexible criminalizations and ensuring ecosystem restoration mechanisms are essential prerequisites for realizing a sustainable environmental criminal policy and safeguarding collective and intergenerational interests in the context of the climate crisis. https://api.lu.ac.ir/article_735517.html Research Objective Today, sport has evolved into a multifaceted industry with economic, cultural, and social dimensions. Within this context, the present research aims to examine the role of oil companies’ sponsorship in Iranian sport and to compare it with the practices of international companies such as Shell, British Petroleum, Total, and Aramco, considering this as a component of corporate social responsibility. Research Methods This research adopts a descriptive–analytical approach and analyzing the mechanisms of financial support provided by oil companies in Iran and comparing them with global best practices. Results Analyses show that global oil companies have utilized transparent, evaluation-based mechanisms to transform sponsorship into a tool for sustainable investment and the improvement of their environmental image. In Iran, the lack of a structured financial framework and the absence of an evaluation system have caused a large part of sports support, particularly in football, to lack economic and social returns. Moreover, the analyses emphasize that support policies should shift from episodic expenditures toward investment in grassroots and mass sports, areas that can generate employment, develop the sports industry, strengthen the local economy, and enhance public health and societal productivity. Conclusions Finally, If Iranian oil companies institutionalize financial transparency, social and environmental impact assessment, and diversification of sponsorship domains in line with international models, they will be able to play an effective and lasting role in advancing the country’s sustainable development. https://api.lu.ac.ir/article_735518.html This research examines the role of visual security in shaping the cultural and social identity of the citizens of Isfahan as a step towards realizing the new Islamic civilization. Isfahan, with its rich heritage of Islamic architecture and valuable historical fabric, serves as a unique case for studying the impact of visual security on urban identity. Using a descriptive-analytical approach, this study explores the historical and cultural axes of Isfahan, including Naqsh-e Jahan Square, Chahar Bagh Avenue, and historic neighborhoods such as Jolfa and Bidabad. The findings indicate that visual security in these areas, through elements such as mashrabiyas, central courtyards, and the intelligent design of public spaces, plays a key role in enhancing the sense of place attachment and cultural identity among citizens. Moreover, the successful integration of traditional and modern elements in these spaces provides a practical model for implementing the principles of the new Islamic civilization in contemporary urban planning. By emphasizing Isfahan's successful experience in creating secure and identity-rich urban environments, this research proposes a practical framework for other Islamic cities in their pursuit of the ideals of the new Islamic civilization https://api.lu.ac.ir/article_735630.html Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is a psychological condition in which an individual becomes persistently and excessively preoccupied with perceived defects or flaws in their appearance, even though these flaws are either nonexistent or very minor. This preoccupation leads to anxiety, reduced social functioning, and repetitive behaviors such as frequently looking in the mirror or comparing oneself to others. The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) on appearance anxiety, alexithymia, and self-compassion in girls with BDD. This research employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest–posttest format and experimental and control groups. The statistical population consisted of girls diagnosed with BDD in Ardabil City in 2024. Based on the inclusion criteria, 36 participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group. The participants were assessed using questionnaires measuring BDD, appearance anxiety, alexithymia, and self-compassion. Following ten 90-minute CBT sessions administered to the experimental group, the participants again completed the study questionnaires. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) in SPSS-27. The results indicated that CBT significantly increased self-compassion and reduced BDD symptoms, appearance anxiety, difficulty in identifying feelings, difficulty in describing feelings, and externally oriented thinking among adolescent girls (P<0.01). Overall, CBT produced significant reductions in BDD symptoms, appearance anxiety, and alexithymia, while enhancing self-compassion in teenage girls. These findings support CBT as an effective approach for improving psychological aspects associated with BDD.