Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Master's student in Islamic History, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
2
Assistant Professor, Department of History, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran,
3
Associate Professor, Department of Historical Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran,
Abstract
Combining historical knowledge and sociological theories is one of the common methods in analyzing social phenomena that many researchers, including historians and sociologists, have paid attention to. Charles Tilly, one of the prominent sociological theorists, has used the theory of collective action to examine and analyze historical data. Collective actions usually have a history of causes and consequences and appear in various forms. The Mukhtar Thaqafi uprising in 66 AH was one of the first Shiite movements that was formed with the aim of gaining superiority over the nobles and patrons of Kufa and avenging Imam Hussein (AS). The slogan of the Mukhtar uprising was to avenge the blood of Imam Hussein (AS) and achieve the rule of the Iraqis, which was pursued by relying on gaining legitimacy through the support of Muhammad Hanafiya.
The Mukhtar uprising was formed after the Karbala incident in 61 AH, when Imam Hussein (AS) and his companions were martyred in Karbala. This incident caused widespread dissatisfaction among Muslims, and the first uprising that took place to seek the blood of Imam Hussein (AS) was the Tawabin Uprising led by Sulayman bin Sard al-Khuza'i. After that, the uprising of Mukhtar bin Abi Ubaydah al-Shaqafi emerged as one of the most important Shiite movements to seek the blood of Imam Hussein (AS). Mukhtar analyzed the various dimensions of his uprising using Charles Tilly's theory of collective action. This study examines the factors effective in the mobilization of Shiite forces, opportunities and threats, repressions and environmental facilitations, and analyzes the role of Mukhtar in the formation of a political and social movement. Mukhtar's uprising, as a movement based on Shiite motives and collective action, is studied in a sociological context, and its political and social effects on Umayyad society and other Shiite uprisings are examined.
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